Understanding Joint Stiffness And Avascular Necrosis Discussion

To understand the question, the terms joint stiffness, avascular necrosis and myositis ossificans should be understood in detail.

joint stiffness- is reduced mobility of a joint due to prolonged immobilisation, after fractures with join involvement and inflammatory discorders of joint likne rheumatoid arthritis.

Avascular necrosis of a bone occurs when the blood supply to the end of the bone is damaged due to damage to the arteries supplying them, bacause of trauma, fractures. The other most important cause of avascular necrosis are prolonged steroid use, heavy alcohol intake and prolonged immobilisation or recumbency specially in ICU patients.

Myositis ossificans is the development of bone tissue in muscle. It commonly occurs due to traumatic injuries to muscle, leading to deposition of calcium at site of inflammation. It is also seen in some genetic and hereditary disorders.

various hormone and vitamin deficiencies and to special mention vitamin d and parathyroid hormone can lead to weakening of bones and are associated with fractures.

so, with the above explanation in mind, the complications peculiar to fractures is associated with all four mentioned entities.

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fractures can lead to joint stiffnes, myositis ossificans and avascular necrosis , and hormone deficiency is associated with increased risk of fractures.

Prolonged recumbency leads to joint stiffness, and avascular necrosis due to hypotension anc steroid use in critically ill patients.

surgery and anaesthesia are not associated with above entities, Prolonged surgery can lead to join pain but chronic join stiffness is usually not seen .

The answer is c. complications peculiar to fractures.