Question
Specify any one structural and functional abnormality of the body systems given in the table
| Body system | Structural abnormality | Functional abnormality |
Cardiovascular system
Respiratory system
Musculoskeletal system
Digestive system
Step 1/2
13.1 Cardiovascular system: Structural abnormality: Atherosclerosis – this is a condition where the walls of the arteries become thick and stiff due to the buildup of fatty deposits and cholesterol. This can lead to narrowing of the arteries and can affect blood flow to the heart and other organs. Functional abnormality: Arrhythmia – this is a condition where the heart beats irregularly, either too fast or too slow. This can affect the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively and can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Structural and Functional Abnormality of the Body Systems Essay Paper
13.2 Respiratory system: Structural abnormality: Emphysema – this is a condition where the air sacs in the lungs become damaged and lose their elasticity, making it difficult to breathe. This is often caused by smoking or exposure to air pollution. Functional abnormality: Asthma – this is a condition where the airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrow, making it difficult to breathe. This can be triggered by allergies, exercise, or exposure to irritants such as smoke.
Step 2/2
13.3 Musculoskeletal system: Structural abnormality: Scoliosis – this is a condition where the spine curves sideways in an S or C shape. This can cause back pain and difficulty with breathing or movement. Functional abnormality: Osteoporosis – this is a condition where the bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. This can be caused by a variety of factors including age, genetics, and hormonal changes.
13.4 Digestive system: Structural abnormality: Inflammatory bowel disease – this is a group of disorders where the digestive tract becomes inflamed and can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Examples of these conditions include Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
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Explanation:
Functional abnormality: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – this is a condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. This can be caused by a weakened lower esophageal sphincter or certain foods and medications.
Final answer
The human body is a complex system made up of different organs and tissues that work together to maintain homeostasis, or a stable internal environment. Each body system has its own unique structures and functions that are essential for maintaining overall health and wellbeing. However, sometimes abnormalities can occur within these systems that can impact their structure or function, leading to various health conditions and diseases. The cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels, is responsible for circulating blood throughout the body. One common structural abnormality of this system is atherosclerosis, which is caused by the buildup of fatty deposits and cholesterol on the walls of the arteries. This can lead to narrowing of the arteries and restrict blood flow to the heart and other organs, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. A functional abnormality of the cardiovascular system is arrhythmia, which is a condition where the heart beats irregularly. This can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath, and can be caused by a variety of factors including heart disease, medication side effects, and electrolyte imbalances.
Structural and Functional Abnormality of the Body Systems Essay Paper