Question
As Nurses, we should understand different medication categories and nursing considerations while administering them.
Using the Know your drugs table, develop your bank of knowledge of the different categories of medications. For each medication given, write the pharmacodynamics and nursing considerations while administering these medications.
Category / Drug Name, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage (specify if for a certain indication), Nursing Consideration
1.Antivirals- Pharmacodynamics, Dosage (specify if for a certain indication), Nursing Consideration
2.Anti-neoplastics-Pharmacodynamics, Dosage (specify if for a certain indication), Nursing Consideration
3.Corticosteroids-Pharmacodynamics, Dosage (specify if for a certain indication), Nursing Consideration
4.Contraceptives-Pharmacodynamics, Dosage (specify if for a certain indication), Nursing Consideration
5.Vitamins and Mineral supplements-Pharmacodynamics, Dosage (specify if for a certain indication), Nursing Consideration
6.Eye/ ear drops-Pharmacodynamics, Dosage (specify if for a certain indication), Nursing Consideration
thank you
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NURSING is an art which deals with all aspects of patient care. Nursing requires proper knowledge of medications their side effects, routes of administration, and adverse effects. Pharmacodynamics and Nursing Considerations Essay Example
1.ANTIVIRALS- Antivirals are the medication which help our body to fight against viruses. Viruses causes infections such as Hepatitis -b, HIV, Common cold, etc.
Explanation:
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ANTIVIRALS
1.Attachment- viruses attach with the cell membrane of our body cells and enter.
2. Penetration- virus penetrate into the cell membrane and uncast its covering releasing chemicals.
3.Protein synthesis-virus mainly contain RNA as their main gene. With the help of RNA ,virus synthesis nucleic acid
(REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE MAINLY)
4.Packaging and assembly – The virus starts to multiply in large no reducing the no. of CD4 cells in human body
5. VIRUS RELEASE in large no.
Examples-acyclovir-200mg PO EVERY 4 HOUR
OSELTAMIVIR
mainly dosage depends upon the condition of patients and prescription of health care provider.
NURSING CONSIDERATION OF ANTIVIRALS-
1-obtain a complete history pf patient with physicals assessment, obtain history of drug allergies and any congenital problems.
2.complete diagnostic evaluation, CyBC, PLATELET COUNT , RBC count need to be evaluated before starting of drugs.
3.Explain the patient about the drug which you are going to administer.
4-explain about the side effects the patient is going to face during this therapy.
5 follow all patients right, right patient ,right drug, right route etc.
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ANTINEOPLASTICS-are the medications which are used to treat cancer patients
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ANTINEPLASTICS
1.Antineoplastics mainly work on cell cycle and inhibit the cell divisions.
some of them are metabolites which work on S-PHASE OF CELL CYCLE inhibit the s phase
ex-methotraxate,5-flurouracil
2.M PHASEINHIBITOR DRUGS-they inhibit the M-phase of cell cycle.
ex-vincristine, vinblastine
3-topoisomerase inhibitor-they inhibit the G2 phase Ans S phase.
ex-etoposide
some of the antineoplastic are non cell specific Ans act by killing all the cells.
example-cisplatin, buslfan etc
NURISNG CONSIDERATIONS
1.dose of chemo rugs depend upon the body surface area ,height and weight of the body.
2. assess the patient for anemia because chemo rugs reduce the no of red blood cell counts
3.thrombocytopenia- chemodrugs can also cause thrombocytopenia.
so avoid infection,use soft toothbrush, avoid razors and use electric razors,avoid aspirin as it cause bleeding
4. increase fluid inatake of patient
5.increase protien diet, and high caloric diet.
ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER HERE
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COTICOSTEROIDS- known as steroids. CORTIOSTEROIDS are mainly produce by the adrenal gland of kidney.
but due to some disease conditions it is provided from outside.
Explanation:
pharmacodynamics of steroids
Steroids work in our body by decreasing the inflammation and decrease the activity of our immune system.
our body have two receptors
1.cox 2.lox- it acts on lox receptors and cause bronchoconstriction.
-cox 1 and cox 2
-inhibit the prostaglandin and hence
reduces the inflamation.
2- steroids are used in various diseases like rhematoid arthritis and systemic vasculitis(inflammation of blood vessels).
EXAMPLES-CORTISONE-25 TO 300mg per oral in adults.
-betamethasone-0.25 to 0.7.2mg in adultS.
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NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR CORTICOSTEROIDS
1.patient history collection and physical examination for any allergy.
2.always advice the client to take th emedication with meal to avoid from stomach upset.
3.it sometimes show antiplatelet action so keep and eye on the pts platelet count
4.prevent form injury.
5.advice the pateint not to suddenly withdraw the medicine from regimen.
6. advice if any problem happn directly report to health care provide.
CONTRACEPTIVES- contraceptives are the devices or oral medicines which are used to avoid unwanted pregency.
Explanation:
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF CONTRACEPTIVES
there are many types of contraceptives available in market some of them are injectables ,some are barrier methods ,natural method and some are oral pills
ORAL PILLS- ORAL Pills work by inhibiting the ovulation in females.
ovulation is inhibited by inhibiting the FSH from pitutary and hence it automatically inhibits the ovulation.
INJECTABLE CONTRACEPTIVES- these are cu375 and cu380 .They work for many years about 5 to 10yrs.
Their main action is to relaese copper in the vaginal eviroment and kill the sperms hence preventing the entyr of sperms.
BARRIER METHODS- they are condoms ,vaginal diaphragm and etc
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NURSING CONSIDERATIONS-
1. obtain a proper medical and pregnency history of female .
2 ask for any previous ellergies
3. explain the complications and side effects.
4. assess for vaginal bleeding abdominal pain , pelvic inflammatory disease.
5 check the blood level of patient.
6.advice highly nutritious diet to the patient.
VIRAMINS AND NURTITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS-
vitamins and nurtirional supplements are presribed in case of deficiencies and fatigue in patients to increase the efficiency of patients and to relase fatigue.
Explanation:
pharmacology of vitamins and nutritional supplements
1.these supplements are made up of various vitamins and minerals and are prescribed according to the patirnts
2.supplements llike iron supplents are directly absorbed in the instestine it is best absorbed in acidic medium and in the presence of vitamin c
3.deficiencies like beri beri, night blindness, protien energy malnutrition is treated with these supplemts
EXAMPLES- calcium tablets in case of osteoporosis
iron tablets in case of iron deficiency anemia.
vita A PROPHYLAXIS to children and pregnent mother.
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NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
1.OBTAIN s detailed history.
2.check weight and height.
2.obtain CBc and other diagnostic test for evaluating.
EYE DROPS/EAR DROPS- eye drops and ear drops are used to treat conditions like otits media, sty, allergies like conjuctavitiis etc
examples-OFLOXACIN -use 1 drop for adults and children both
POLYMYXIN B – 1 drop for adults and also for children.
TOBARANYCIN, GENTAMYCIN ETC
PHARMACODYNAMICS OF EAR AND EYE DROPS
1.when instill in the eyes and ear they are readily absorbed called occular absorption
2. sometimes the drug drains into the systemic circulation via lacrimal gland
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
1.PERFORM hand hygiene and maintain aseptic technique.
2.don gloves.
3.check the right and route of medication
4.confirm the patient.
5.keep 2.5 cm above the cornea before instilling the medicine.
6.advice the patient to keep the eye close for 5 to 10 min.
Final answer
so while administering the drugs the nurse should keep an eye on the patient.
The nursing personnel should have proper knowledge about the medications.
Always explain the side effects and benefits of fugato the patient.
Pharmacodynamics and Nursing Considerations Essay Example