Alameda County Public Health Department Discussion Paper

Question

2. Alameda County Public Health Department decided to investigate whether there might be a health disparity in diabetes by race in the county. This is the population of the countv. bv race: This is the number of people, by race, who reported they had diabetes a. What is the prevalence of having diabetes in each racial group? Convert your answer to a percentage and round to 1 decimal place. Show your work. b. What is the prevalence ratio comparing African American and White residents? Page 1 of 2 Alameda County Public Health Department Discussion Paper

Step 1/2

To investigate whether there might be a health disparity in diabetes by race in Alameda County, we can calculate the prevalence of diabetes by each racial group. Prevalence refers to the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular condition or disease at a specific point in time. The prevalence of diabetes can be calculated as follows: Prevalence of diabetes = (number of individuals with diabetes / total population) x 100 Using the data provided, we can calculate the prevalence of diabetes by race in Alameda County: African American: (43,157/184,126) x 100 = 23.4%

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Asian: (38,192 / 390,524) x 100 = 9.8% Hispanic/Latino: (95,133 / 339,889) x 100 = 28% White: (72,732 / 514,559) x 100 = 14.1% From the above calculations, we can see that the prevalence of diabetes is highest among African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos, and lowest among Asians and Whites. This suggests that there may be a health disparity in diabetes by race in Alameda County, with African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos being more likely to have diabetes compared to Asians and Whites. Further research would be needed to understand the underlying reasons for this disparity, including social determinants of health, access to healthcare, and genetic factors.

Step 2/2

a. To calculate the prevalence of diabetes in each racial group, we can use the following formula: Prevalence of diabetes = (number of people with diabetes / total population) x 100% Using the data provided, we can calculate the prevalence of diabetes in each racial group as follows: African American: (43,157 / 184,126) x 100% 23.4% Asian: (38,192 / 390,524) x 100%≈ 9.8% Hispanic/Latino: (95,133 / 339,889) x 100% 28.0% White: (72,732 / 514,559) x 100% ≈ 14.1%

Therefore, the prevalence of diabetes is approximately 23.4% among African Americans, 9.8% among Asians, 28.0% among Hispanics/Latinos, and 14.1% among Whites.

Final answer

b. The prevalence ratio compares the prevalence of a condition or disease in one group to the prevalence in another group. In this case, we want to compare the prevalence of diabetes in African American and White residents, so the prevalence ratio can be calculated as follows: Prevalence ratio = (prevalence of diabetes in African Americans) / (prevalence of diabetes in Whites)

Substituting the values we calculated above, we get: Prevalence ratio = 23.4% / 14.1%≈ 1.66 Therefore, the prevalence of diabetes among African Americans is approximately 1.66 times higher than the prevalence among Whites in Alameda County. Alameda County Public Health Department Discussion Paper